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: Humans typically contract the infection through skin abrasions or mucous membranes during contact with contaminated water or wet soil. This is common among: Water sports enthusiasts (surfers, kayakers). Sewage workers.
: It uses two periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) to drill through tissue and move through viscous environments. 2. Transmission and Epidemiology
Rice field farmers, sewer workers, and veterinarians exposed to animal waste.