It was elegant on paper. In practice, it was a nightmare.
The official PDF typically contains:
"Error 0x440: Transaction Layer Packet Malfunction," the console read in cruel red text. pcie base specification 6.0 pdf
"Sarah, what's the length of the trace from the CPU to the slot?" It was elegant on paper
Mandatory FEC mitigates the higher raw bit error rate (BER) associated with PAM4, ensuring high reliability. pcie base specification 6.0 pdf
The is the latest major update to the ubiquitous high-speed interconnect standard for computing systems (as of the final ratified version released in January 2022). The official document is published by PCI-SIG (Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group). This report outlines the contents, significance, and access conditions for the official PDF version of the specification.