Detecting enemies usually involves template matching with an image of an enemy or color detection. Valorant's design makes it challenging to use simple template matching due to its dynamic nature. A more sophisticated approach involves machine learning-based object detection, but that's complex.
Python triggerbots are popular among hobbyist programmers and script kiddies because they require no reverse-engineering of game memory. Instead, they rely on a simple image processing pipeline. valorant python triggerbot