If the repository is public and compromised, an attacker can modify the script to execute malicious code on the user's machine. ; it only authenticates the user. Users should always inspect scripts before running them.
The GITHUB_TOKEN is a special token that GitHub generates for each workflow run in a GitHub Actions workflow. It's a proper feature designed to make it easier to authenticate and authorize actions within a workflow.
Users often search for a "githubusercontent token" because they try to curl a private file or hit a rate limit error (usually HTTP 429).
The intersection of githubusercontent and tokens presents a significant security landscape.