Flash Cycling Side __top__ Instant

Conventional lithium-ion battery (LIB) degradation is well-categorized: cycle aging (loss of lithium inventory), calendar aging (SEI growth), and mechanical cracking (volume expansion). However, these models assume a relatively uniform current distribution and timescales (seconds to hours) that allow ionic diffusion to equilibrate.

This paper provides the first systematic framework for FCS, including: flash cycling side

There are two ways the industry looks at "Flash Cycling": calendar aging (SEI growth)