In the mid-1950s, Ian Fleming was not a brand. He was a former naval intelligence officer and a Sunday Times columnist writing thrillers for a niche audience. His first Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953), sold respectably, not spectacularly.
Climax! in October 1954. This version famously featured an Americanized "Jimmy Bond" played by Barry Nelson. The "In Perpetuity" Sale (1955): Believing the character had greater potential, Ratoff (along with producer Michael Garrison) bought the rights outright in perpetuity from Fleming in March 1955 for an additional $6,000. Ian Fleming reportedly used the proceeds to buy a Ford Thunderbird. HeinOnline +2 Creative Development: "Jane Bond" Following the 1955 purchase, Ratoff worked with screenwriter Lorenzo Semple Jr. to develop a script. According to Semple Jr., Ratoff found the character of James Bond "unbelievable" and "stupid," and seriously proposed a solution to change the character's gender. Ratoff planned to cast Susan Hayward as a female lead, dubbed "Jane Bond". Despite multiple script drafts and years of traveling through Europe to find backers, Ratoff never secured the funding to produce the film. Bold Entrance +2 Posthumous Sale and Legacy Transfer to Charles K. Feldman: Gregory Ratoff died of leukemia in December 1960. In 1961, his widow and Michael Garrison sold the Casino Royale rights to Ratoff's former agent and friend, producer Charles K. Feldman, for $75,000. The 1967 Spoof: After failed negotiations to co-produce a film with Broccoli and Saltzman's Eon Productions, Feldman decided to produce Casino Royale as a star-studded psychedelic satire in 1967. Eventual Rights Re-unification: The rights to the novel remained separate from the Eon franchise for decades, passing through various studios until gregory ratoff james bond film rights