The term "vasculotoxic" is somewhat of a misnomer, as the venom primarily affects blood vessels and blood components. Key families include Viperidae (e.g., Daboia russelii , Echis carinatus , Bothrops atrox ) and some Colubridae. In India, Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, viper bites account for the majority of vasculotoxic envenomations. The clinical syndrome is dominated by local tissue destruction, coagulopathy, and systemic vascular leakage. Without prompt intervention, patients succumb to intracranial hemorrhage, acute kidney injury (AKI), or hypovolemic shock.
Pit vipers , rattlesnakes , and copperheads also possess varying degrees of vasculotoxic and cytotoxic components. Mechanism of Action vasculotoxic snake bite
The vasculotoxic action is mediated by a complex mixture of enzymes and peptides. The term "vasculotoxic" is somewhat of a misnomer,