Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2006). Marketing management. Prentice Hall.
This was the golden age of "interruption marketing." Brands spoke at consumers, not with them. Advertising was dominated by TV commercials, radio spots, billboards, and print ads. The message was unidirectional: the brand delivered a value proposition, and the consumer either accepted it or ignored it. There was no feedback loop. marketing 1.0