| Factor | Ideal Standard | Common Derby Reality | |--------|----------------|----------------------| | | 4K camera, sonde for depth/location, recorded for customer | Basic 480p camera, no depth marking, verbal "it's fine" | | Cleaning | High-pressure jetting (3000+ psi), then robotic cutting of intruding roots | Single jetting pass, leaving debris that blocks liner adhesion | | Liner type | UV-cured glass-fiber reinforced for long bends; epoxy for chemical resistance | Polyester felt liner (shrinks more, less durable) – cheaper but inferior | | Curing verification | Caliper tool to measure wall thickness post-cure | None – "looks hard" visual check | | Warranty | 10–25 years transferable, underwritten by insurer | 12 months, full of exclusions for "ground movement" |

The process typically takes a few hours to a single day and follows these steps:

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